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  Transmission Media In data communication terminology, a transmission medium is a physical path between the transmitter and the receiver it is the channel through which data is sent from one place to another. Transmission media is broadly classified into the following types: Types of transmission media: Guided Media 1)Twisted pair cable 2)Coaxial cable 3)Optical fibre cable Unguided Media 1)Radio waves 2)Microwave 3)Infrared 1.Guided Media It is also referred to as wired or bounded transmission media. Signals being transmitted are directed and confined in a narrow pathway by using physical links features. -High speed -Secure -Used for comparatively shorter distances. -Use for comparatively shorter distances -There are three major types of guided media 1)Twisted pair cable It consists of two separately insulated conductor wires wound about each other generally, several such pairs are bundled together in a protective sheath. They are the most widely used transmission media. Twiste...

  PYTHON Python for Developing Desktop GUI Applications, Websites and Web Applications Python Basics Python was developed by Guido Van Résumé in early 1990’s and it was published in 1991 python 3.0 was released in 2008. And is interpreted language it’s not compiled, and the interpreter will check the code line by line. This article can used to learn very basics of python programming language. # Some facts about python!! Python is currently the most widely used multi-purpose, high-level programming language. Python allows programming language procedural paradigms. Python programs generally are smaller than other to type relatively less java. Programmers have to type relatively less and indentation requirement of the language, makes them readable all the time. Python language is being by almost all Tech giant companies like- Google, Amazon, Facebook, Instagram, Prop Box, uber ……etc. The biggest strength of python is huge collection of standard libraries which can b...

   ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE -The term "Artificial Intelligence" was coined more than 60 years ago, but only recently have we begun to realize all the benefits of AI, machine learning and deep learning in our everyday lives. -In today world. Technology is growing very fast, and we are getting in touch with different new technologies day by day here, one of the booming technologies of computer science is Artificial Intelligence which is ready to create a new revolution in the world my making intelligent machine the Artificial Intelligence.  -The artificial intelligence is now all around us it currently working with a Varity of subfields ranging from general to specific, such as self-driving cars. playing chess, painting etc. -AI is one of the fascinating and universal fields of computer science which has a great scope in future AI holds a tendency to cause a machine to work as a human. -Artificial intelligence is composed of two worlds Artificial and Intelligence , which...

SOFTWARE Software, which is abbreviated as SW or s/w is a set of programs that enables. The Hardware to perform a specific task all the programs that run the computer are software. The software can be of three types: system software application software, and programming software. SYSTEM SOFTWARE The system software is the main software that run the computer. When you turn on the computer, it activates the hardware and controls and coordinates their functioning the application programs are also controlled by system software.  An operating system is an example of system software. Operating System An operating system is the system software that works as an interface to enable the user to communicate with the computer. It manages and coordinates the functioning of hardware and software of the computer. The commonly used operating system are Microsoft windows, Linux, and Apple Mac OS X.  -BIOS It stands for basic output system. It is a type of system software, which is stored in re...

Operating System -An operating system is the system software that works as an interface to enable the user to communicate with the computer. It manages and coordinate with functioning of hardware and software of the computer. The commonly used operating system are Microsoft Windows, Linux, and Apple Mac OS X.  -The operating system is a program with the following feature. -An operating system is a program that acts as an interface between the software and the computer hardware. -It is an integrated set of specialized programs used to manage overall resources and operations of the computer. -It is a specialized software that controls and monitors the execution of all other programs that reside in the computer, including application programs and other system software. OBJECTIVES OF OPERATING SYSTEM: - -The objective of the operating is: 1) To make the computer system convenient to use in an efficient manner. 2) To hide the details of the hardware resources from the users. 3) T...

  #COMPUTER VIRUSES -Computer viruses are unwanted software programmes or pieces of code interfere with the functioning they spread through contaminated files, data, and insecure networks once it enters your system , it can replicate to produce copies of itself to spread from one program to another program and from one infected computer to another computer. so, we can say that it is a self-replicating computer program that interferes with the functioning of the computer by infecting files, data, programmes, etc. First Computer Virus -Brain the first personal computer virus, began infecting 5.2" floppy disk in 1986. As secure list reports, it was the work of two brothers, Basit and Amjad Farooq Alvi , who ran a computer store in Pakistan. -Brain is the industry standard name for a computer virus that was releases in the first from 19 January 1986 and is considered to be the first computer virus for the IBM Personal Computer (IBM PC) and compatibles. - The primary purpose of t...

Computer Network Arrangement's What Is Topology -Topology defines the structure of the network of how all the components are interconnected to each other there are two types of topologies Physical Topology and Logical Topology. Types Of Networks - Bus  -Ring -Tree -Star -Mesh -Hybrid *Bus Topology -The bus topology is designed in such a way that all the stations are connected through a single cable known as a backbone cable. -When a node wants to send a message over the stations available in the network receive the message whether it has been addressed or not. -Each node is either connected to the backbone cable by drop cable or directly connected to the backbone cable. *Ring Topology -Ring topology is like a bus topology, but with connected ends. -The node that receives the message from the previous computer will retransmit to the next node. -The node flows in one direction it is unidirectional. -The data flows in a single loop continuously known as an endless loop. -It has no t...

COMPUTER NETWORK TYPES -A computer network is a group of computers linked to each that enables the computer to communicate with another computer and share their sources data and applications.  -A computer network can be categorized by their size. A computer is mainly of four types. 1)LAN (Local Area Newtwork) 2)PAN (Personal Area Network) 3)MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) 4)WAN (Wide Area Network) #LAN (Local Area Network) -Local area network is a group of computers connected to each other in a small area such as building, office -LAN is used for connecting two or more personal computer through a communication medium such as twisted pair, coaxial cable, etc. -The data is transferred at an extremely faster rate data in local area network. -Local Area Network provides higher security. #PAN (Personal Area Network) -Personal Area Network is a network arranged within an individual person. typically, within a range of 10 meters .  -Personal Area Network is used for connecting ...

Types of Computers Two types of computers 1)Analog Computer 2)Digital Computer ->Analog Computer Analog computers Handle or process information, which is of a physical nature, as for example, Temperature, Weight, Pressure, etc. -->Digital Computer Digital computer process information which is essentially in a binary or two state from, namely zero and one. When talking about computers, we mostly refer to the digital type of electronic machines, these are based on the measuring of Analog or equivalent physical value. Types of Digital computers 1)Micro-computer: *Desktop pcs (personal computer service) -Sits on desks, rarely moved, large and bulky -Memory capacity, graphics capacity and software availability vary from one computer to another used both for business and home applications.  *Portable PCS -Can be moved easily from place to place. -Small PCS are popularly known as laptop. -Widely used by students, Scientist, reporters, etc ADVANTAGES -Small size -Low cost -Portabilit...

What is Hacking? -Gaining Unauthorized Access of any computers, system, software, account etc. -Hacking Email ID. -Stealing Credentials. -Using someone Els's computer for malicious activity without having permission. -Setting Up Spyware, Malware, ransomware Why is it called hacking? hacker was first used in the 1960s to describe a programmer or an individual who, in an era of highly constrained computer capability, could increase the efficiency of computer code in a way that removed, or hacked, excess machine code instructions from a program. Why is Hacking Increase in Hacking attacks. secure system from hackers Increasing demands of ethical hackers job Opportunity is increasing day by day. Types Of Hacking - Black Hat Hacking -White Hat Hacking -Grey Hat Hacking Black Hat Hacking -A black hat is a computer hacker who violates laws or ethical standards for nefarious purposes, such as cybercrime, cyberwarfare, or malice. The term originates from 1950s westerns, with "bad guys...

How To Use Mail Merge in Microsoft Word mail merge is most often used to print or email from letters to multiple recipients. Using Mail Merge, you can easily customize from letters for individual recipients. Mail Merge is also used to create envelopes or labels in bulk. Step 1:  In a blank Microsoft Word document, click on the Mailings tab, and in the Start Mail Merge group, click start Mail Merge. Step 2: Click step-by-Step Mail Merge Wizard. Step 3: Select your document type. in this demo we will select Letters. Click Next: Starting document.  Step 4: select the starting document. In this demo we will use the current (blank) document. Select Use the current document and then.    click Next: Select recipients. Note : Note that selecting start from existing document (which we are not doing in this demo) changes the view and gives you the option to choose your document. After you choose it, the Mail Merge Wizard events to Use the current document. step 5: Select rec...

View Tab Views  This group contains all the commands relating to the different ways you can view your documents.  Read Mode - Maximise the word window on the screen and removals all toolbars etc to allow easy reading. print layout - Displays the document as it would appear if printed and is the default view. Web Layout - Displays the document as it would appear as a web page.  Outline - Displays the document as an outline is displays the outlining contextual tab. Draft - Displays the document in draft mode allowing for quick editing. When using this view certain aspects of the document are not visible, for example any headers or footers.  Immersive  Focus - (Added in 365) Immersive reader - (Added in 365) Show image Ruler - Toggles the displays of the ruler(s). gridlines - Toggles the display of gridling's. Navigation Pane - Toggles the display of the Navigation task pane. This is a combination of the Find, Document Map and Thumbnails. Zoom  Everyth...

The Review tab provides icons for document review-related commands, such as spelling check, translation, track changes, apply changes, comments and so on. Proofing Editor - Displays the "Spelling and Grammar" dialog box. This allows you to check the spelling and grammar in the active document. Thesaurus - Toggles the display of the Research task pane defaulting the research service to the thesaurus. Same as Excel. Word Count - This displays the "Word Count" dialog box displaying the document statistics. This dialog box can also be displayed by clicking on the word count indicator on the status bar. Speech  Read Aloud- Accessibility Check Accessibility Language Translate - Drop-Down. Displays the Research task pane. This drop-down contains the commands: Translate Document, Translate Selected Text, Mini translator and Choose Translation Language. Language - Drop-Down. This drop-down contains the commands: Set Proofing Language and Language Preferences. Set Proofi...